一种改进的中轴骨架三维模型检索算法

针对三维模型检索算法性能较低的问题,提出了一种改进的中轴骨架三维模型检索算法。     

Cancer-Related Cachexia: The Vicious Circle between Inflammatory Cytokines,Skeletal Muscle,Lipid Metabolism and the Possible Role of Physical Training

Cachexia is a multifactorial and multi-organ syndrome that is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in late-stage chronic diseases. The main clinical features of cancer-related cachexia are chronic inflammation, wasting of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, insulin resistance, anorexia, and impaired myogenesis. A multimodal treatment has been suggested to approach the multifactorial genesis of cachexia. In this context, physical exercise has been found to have a general effect on maintaining homeostasis in a healthy life, involving multiple organs and their metabolism. The purpose of this review is to present the evidence for the relationship between inflammatory cytokines, skeletal muscle, and fat metabolism and the potential role of exercise training in breaking the vicious circle of this impaired tissue cross-talk. Due to the wide-ranging effects of exercise training, from the body to the behavior and cognition of the individual, it seems to be able to improve the quality of life in this syndrome. Therefore, studying the molecular effects of physical exercise could provide important information about the interactions between organs and the systemic mediators involved in the overall homeostasis of the body.     

The Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes in Soft Tissue Repair and Regeneration

Soft tissue defects are common following trauma and tumor extirpation. These injuries can result in poor functional recovery and lead to a diminished quality of life. The healing of skin and muscle is a complex process that, at present, leads to incomplete recovery and scarring. Regenerative medicine may offer the opportunity to improve the healing process and functional outcomes. Barriers to regenerative strategies have included cost, regulatory hurdles, and the need for cell-based therapies. In recent years, exosomes, or extracellular vesicles, have gained tremendous attention in the field of soft tissue repair and regeneration. These nanosized extracellular particles (30–140 nm) can break the cellular boundaries, as well as facilitate intracellular signal delivery in various regenerative physiologic and pathologic processes. Existing studies have established the potential of exosomes in regenerating tendons, skeletal muscles, and peripheral nerves through different mechanisms, including promoting myogenesis, increasing tenocyte differentiation and enhancing neurite outgrowth, and the proliferation of Schwann cells. These exosomes can be stored for immediate use in the operating room, and can be produced cost efficiently. In this article, we critically review the current advances of exosomes in soft tissue (tendons, skeletal muscles, and peripheral nerves) healing. Additionally, new directions for clinical applications in the future will be discussed.     

A Single Bout of Ultra-Endurance Exercise Reveals Early Signs of Muscle Aging in Master Athletes

Middle-aged and master endurance athletes exhibit similar physical performance and long-term muscle adaptation to aerobic exercise. Nevertheless, we hypothesized that the short-term plasticity of the skeletal muscle might be distinctly altered for master athletes when they are challenged by a single bout of prolonged moderate-intensity exercise. Six middle-aged (37Y) and five older (50Y) master highly-trained athletes performed a 24-h treadmill run (24TR). Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were collected before and after the run and assessed for proteomics, fiber morphometry, intramyocellular lipid droplets (LD), mitochondrial oxidative activity, extracellular matrix (ECM), and micro-vascularisation. Before 24TR, muscle fiber type morphometry, intramyocellular LD, oxidative activity, ECM and micro-vascularisation were similar between master and middle-aged runners. For 37Y runners, 24TR was associated with ECM thickening, increased capillary-to-fiber interface, and an 89% depletion of LD in type-I fibers. In contrast, for 50Y runners, 24TR did not alter ECM and capillarization and poorly depleted LDs. Moreover, an impaired succinate dehydrogenase activity and functional class scoring of proteomes suggested reduced oxidative phosphorylation post-24TR exclusively in 50Y muscle. Collectively, our data support that middle-aged and master endurance athletes exhibit distinct transient plasticity in response to a single bout of ultra-endurance exercise, which may constitute early signs of muscle aging for master athletes.     

基于改进小脑模型的sEMG下肢关节力矩预测

关节力矩预测在康复医学、临床医学和运动训练等领域有着重要作用,对力矩连续、实时地预测可以使人机交互设备更好地反馈、复刻人体运动意图。为了给患者提供一个安全、主动、舒适的康复训练环境,提升人机交互设备的柔顺性,提出了一种改进型递归小脑模型神经网络模型关节力矩预测方法。该方法采用肌肉协同分析对采集的相关肌肉的表面肌电信号(sEMG)进行降维,将降维后的sEMG特征向量与关节角速度、关节角度作为输入信号,并在小脑模型神经网络中加入递归单元和模糊逻辑规则,以小波函数作为隶属度函数,对非疲劳、过渡疲劳及疲劳这3种状态下的踝关节背屈跖屈运动的动态力矩进行连续预测。力矩预测值与实际值之间的平均皮尔逊相关系数和平均标准均方根误差分别为0.933 5和0.159 8,实验结果验证了该方法对下肢关节力矩连续预测的准确性和有效性。     

牛背最长肌高铁肌红蛋白还原酶的分离及其酶学性质

以冷鲜牛背最长肌为原料,采用硫酸铵盐析、超滤法对原料肉中的高铁肌红蛋白还原酶进行粗分离,并研究温度、pH、金属离子对高铁肌红蛋白还原酶活性的影响.结果表明:在硫酸铵饱和度65％,超滤(＞50 kDa)条件下,牛背最长肌高铁肌红蛋白还原酶可得到分离与纯化.试验范围内,牛背最长肌高铁肌红蛋白还原酶的分子量为29.0～66....     

Skeletal Muscle Microvascular Dysfunction in Obesity-Related Insulin Resistance: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives

Obesity is a worrisomely escalating public health problem globally and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality from noncommunicable disease. The epidemiological link between obesity and a broad spectrum of cardiometabolic disorders has been well documented; however, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are only partially understood, and effective treatment options remain scarce. Given its critical role in glucose metabolism, skeletal muscle has increasingly become a focus of attention in understanding the mechanisms of impaired insulin function in obesity and the associated metabolic sequelae. We examined the current evidence on the relationship between microvascular dysfunction and insulin resistance in obesity. A growing body of evidence suggest an intimate and reciprocal relationship between skeletal muscle microvascular and glucometabolic physiology. The obesity phenotype is characterized by structural and functional changes in the skeletal muscle microcirculation which contribute to insulin dysfunction and disturbed glucose homeostasis. Several interconnected etiologic molecular mechanisms have been suggested, including endothelial dysfunction by several factors, extracellular matrix remodelling, and induction of oxidative stress and the immunoinflammatory phenotype. We further correlated currently available pharmacological agents that have deductive therapeutic relevance to the explored pathophysiological mechanisms, highlighting a potential clinical perspective in obesity treatment.     

预制乌鳢鱼片的微波熟化工艺

该实验以预制乌鳢背部肌肉为研究对象,分析其在160、320、480、640和800 W的微波功率加热处理下温度分布、熟化度、感官评分、质构及水分子分布的变化,优化预制鱼片的微波熟化工艺参数。结果表明,微波功率为160、320、480、640和800 W下鱼肉在70～80℃之间鱼肉已完全熟化,通过熟化度、感官评价确定不同微波功率由低到高相应的最佳熟化时间分别在8、6、4、3和2 min,其对应最小剪切力为67.85、51.9、63.70、71.39、66.44 g。随着样品表面温度不断升高,肌肉蛋白变性,肌肉对水的束缚能力下降,自由水比例不断升高,鱼肉的剪切力整体呈先上升后下降的趋势。综合熟化度、感官评分、质构分析和水分子分布的结果,640 W处理3 min,鱼肉完全熟化,剪切力最高,其鱼肉嫩度最受欢迎,感官评分最佳,为预制乌鳢鱼片最适微波熟化参数。     

The Effect of Long-Lasting Swimming on Rats Skeletal Muscles Energy Metabolism after Nine Days of Dexamethasone Treatment

This study investigates the effect of Dexamethasone (Dex) treatment on blood and skeletal muscle metabolites level and skeletal muscle activity of enzymes related to energy metabolism after long-duration swimming. To evaluate whether Dex treatment, swimming, and combining these factors act on analyzed data, rats were randomly divided into four groups: saline treatment non-exercise and exercise and Dex treatment non-exercised and exercised. Animals in both exercised groups underwent long-lasting swimming. The concentration of lipids metabolites, glucose, and lactate were measured in skeletal muscles and blood according to standard colorimetric and fluorimetric methods. Also, activities of enzymes related to aerobic and anaerobic metabolism were measured in skeletal muscles. The results indicated that Dex treatment induced body mass loss and increased lipid metabolites in the rats’ blood but did not alter these changes in skeletal muscles. Interestingly, prolonged swimming applied after 9 days of Dex treatment significantly intensified changes induced by Dex; however, there was no difference in skeletal muscle enzymatic activities. This study shows for the first time the cumulative effect of exercise and Dex on selected elements of lipid metabolism, which seems to be essential for the patient’s health due to the common use of glucocorticoids like Dex.     

基于人体肌肉力量的数据分析系统的设计

论文将计算机技术应用到运动生物力学的研究中,提出并实现了针对人体肌肉力量中握力、背力的实时数据采集与分析系统。系统采用运动生物力学测量装置精确采集肌肉力量的数据,利用数据库技术存储和处理测量的数据,图形化显示肌肉力量的变化曲线,计算人体肌肉力量的多种参数,对肌肉力量进行综合分析比较。文中着重介绍了系统结构、功能及软件实现。